In this context, elevated GAG values are suspected to participate in hampering formation of the fibrillin-1 network ( r = −0.2475 P = 0.04687), which explains its decline over time. This decline partially accounts for the decrease in EMILIN-1 ( r = 0.4149 P = 0.00059). Closer examination of the ECM surrounding follicles from the primordial to the secondary stage, both before and after puberty, points to high levels of mechanical stress placed on prepubertal follicles compared to the more compliant ECM around reproductive-age follicles, as suggested by the higher collagen levels and lower elastin content detected mainly around primordial ( P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001, respectively) and primary ( P < 0.0001 P < 0.001, respectively) follicles. Ovary, extracellular matrix, hormone replacement therapy, aging, fertility preservation, mechanobiology Introduction Such a stiff niche is nonpermissive to prepubertal follicle activation and growth, and is more inclined to quiescence. The ovary contains a large number of dormant immature follicles, the organ’s functional units, each accommodating a single oocyte and residing on the periphery of the ovary. Upon puberty, a group of immature follicles is sequentially activated to resume growth with every reproductive cycle and a single dominant follicle eventually emerges, ovulates, and then involutes to allow selection of the next group of follicles. This process, known as folliculogenesis, makes the human ovary one of the most dynamic tissues in the female body, undergoing repeated cycles of growth and involution throughout her reproductive life.Īlthough many hormonal and molecular analyses have been conducted to identify the mechanisms underlying ovarian development and folliculogenesis ( Adhikari and Liu, 2009 Grive and Freiman, 2015 Hsueh et al., 2015 Filatov et al., 2017 Ford et al., 2019), the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these processes remains unclear.
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